Water pollution occurs when unwanted materials enter water, change water quality [1] and damage the environment and human health [2]. Water is an important natural resource used for drinking and other purposes to improve our lives [3]. Safe drinking water is essential for human health worldwide. As a universal solvent, water is the main source of infection. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 80% of diseases are water-borne. Drinking water in several countries does not meet WHO standards [4]. 3.1% of deaths are caused by unhygienic and poor water quality [5].

Accumulation of domestic and industrial waste, leaks from water reservoirs, seawater waste, radioactive waste and atmospheric waste are the main causes of water pollution. Heavy metal dumps and industrial waste can accumulate in lakes and rivers and harm people and animals. Industrial waste Pollution Damage quality of air’water’land toxins are a major cause of suppression of resistance, reproductive failure and severe poisoning. Infectious diseases such as cholera, typhus [6] and other diseases gastroenteritis, diarrhea, vomiting, skin and kidney problems spread through dirty water [7]. Human health is affected by direct damage to plant and animal nutrition. Water pollution kills algae, mollusks, seabirds, fish, crabs and other marine organisms that serve as human food. Concentrations of insecticides such as DDT increase in the food chain. These insecticides can harm humans [8]. The main source of water pollution

i. Domestic waste

ii. Industrialization

iii. Population growth

iv. Pesticides and fertilizers

against. Plastic and polyethylene bags

vi. Urbanization

vii. Bad management system

It is stated that 75 to 80% of water pollution comes from household pollution. Water is contaminated by waste from industries such as sugar, textiles, electroplating, pesticides, pulp and paper [9]. The dirty river has an unbearable smell and has some flora and fauna. 80% of the world’s population is threatened by water security [8].

A large amount of sewage enters the river and most of the sewage is not supplied. Household waste contains toxic, solid waste, plastic waste and contaminated bacteria, and these toxic materials cause water pollution. Several industrial effluents discharged into a river without treatment are a major cause of water pollution [9]. Hazardous materials released from industry are responsible for contamination of surface and groundwater. Pollution depends on the nature of the sector. Toxic metals enter the water and reduce water quality [10]. 25% of pollution is caused by industry and is more harmful [11]. Population growth causes many problems, but also plays a negative role in water pollution [10]. Population growth has led to an increase in solid waste production [12]. Solid and liquid waste is discharged into rivers. Water is also contaminated with human waste. Many bacteria have been found to be harmful to human health in contaminated water [11]. The government is unable to meet the basic needs of citizens due to population growth. Sanitary facilities are more abundant in urban areas than in rural areas. Polyethylene bags and plastic waste are the main sources of pollution. Waste is disposed of in plastic bags [11]. The city’s three main residents are rumored to be polluting abroad. 77% of people use a flush toilet and 8% use a toilet. Urbanization can cause many infectious diseases. Excessive traffic congestion, unsanitary conditions, hazardous drinking water are major health problems in cities. A quarter of the urban population is prone to disease [9].